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In the Name of Allah, most Compassionate, most
Merciful
Becoming Muslim
Dr. Umar Rolf Baron Ehrenfels (Austria)
Professor of Anthropology
About the Author:
Born as the only son of the late Baron Christian
Ehrenfels, the founder of the modern structural (Gestalt)
Psychology in Austria, Rolf Freiherr von Ehrenfels felt
already as a child a deep attraction towards the East in
general and towards the world of Islam in particular. His
sister, the Austrian poetess Imma von Bodmershof,
described this phase in her contribution to Islamic
Literature, Lahore 1953. As a young man Ehrenfels
travelled in the Balkan countries and Turkey, where he
used to join prayers in mosques, (though a Christian) and
was hospitably accepted by Turkish Albanian, Greek and
Yogoslav Muslims. His interest in Islam increased by and
by and Ehrenfels accepted Islam in 1927 and took on Umar
as his Muslim name. He visitied Indo-Pakistan
sub-continent in 1932 and took particular interest in the
cultural-historical problems connected with the status
and position of women. After his return to Austria, Baron
Umar specialised in the study of anthropological problems
of Matrilineal Civilizations in India. The Oxford
University Press published his first anthropological book
(Osmania University Series, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1941) on
this subject.
When Austria was overrun by the Nazis in 1938 Baron
Umar again went to India, worked in Hyderabad at the
invitation of the late Sir Akbar Hydari and carried on
anthropological field-work in South India and with the
support of Wenner-Gern Foundation, New York, in Assam.
Since 1949 he has been Head of the Department of
Anthropology at the University of Madras and was awarded
the S.C.Roy Golden Medal for original contributions to
social and cultural Anthropology by the Royal Asiatic
Society of Bengal in 1949. His numerous scientific and
Islamic publications also include an illustrated
two-volume work on Indian and General Anthropology,
"Ilm-ul-Aqwam" (Anjuman Taragqqi-i-Urdu, Delhi, 1941) and
a tribal monograph on the "Kadar of Cochin" (Madras
1952).
The essential features of Islam which impressed me most
and attracted me to this great religion are as follows
:-
- The Islamic teaching of successive revelation implies
in my opinion the following: The source from which all
the great world religions sprang is one. The founders of
these great paths, prepared for peace-seeking mankind,
gave witness to one and the same basic divine teaching.
Acceptance of one of these paths means search for Truth
in Love;
- Islam, in essence, means peace in submission to the
Eternal Law.
- Islam is, historically speaking, the last founded
among the great world religions on this planet.
- Prophet Muhammad is the messenger of Islam and is
thus the last in the sequence of great religious
world-prophets.
- The acceptance of Islam and the path of the Muslims
by a member of an older religion thus means as little
rejection of his former religion, as for instance the
acceptance of Buddha's teachings meant the rejection of
Hinduism to the Indian co-nationals of Buddha. It was
only later that schools of thought within Hinduism
rejected the Buddhist way as heretical. The differences
of religions are man-made. The unity is divine. The
teachings of the Holy Qur'an stress this basic unity. To
witness it, means acceptance of a spiritual fact which is
common to all men and women.
- The spirit of human brotherhood under the
all-encompassing divine fatherhood is much stressed in
Islam and not hampered by concepts of racialism or
sectarianism, be it of linguistic,
historic-traditionalistic, or even dogmatic nature.
- This concept of divine fatherly love, however,
includes also the motherly aspect of Divine love, as the
two principal epithets of God indicate" Al-Rahman -
Al-Rahim, both being derived from the Arabic root
rhm. The symbolic meaning of this root equals Goethe's
Das Ewing-Weibliche Zieht uns hinan, whilst its
primary meaning is womb.
In this spirit the Church of Hagia Sophia at
Constantinople has been made the principal source from which
the great Muslim architects in the Near East took their
inspiration when building mosques like that of Sultan Ahmad
or Muhammad Fatih at Istanbul.
In this spirit the prophet gave these unforgettable words
to his followers:
"Paradise lies at the feet of the Mother."
[MSA-USC Note: In fact, this hadith is weak, but
another hadith in a different wording is
authentic.]
(Indonesian
language)
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