Kritik dari luar Islam

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Is the Qur'an the Word of God?


    1. Introduction
    2. The Problems with the Islamic Traditions
      1. The Sources
      2. Late Dates
        1. Writing
        2. Age
        3. Scripts
      3. Credibility
      4. Contradictions
      5. Similarities
      6. Proliferation
      7. Isnad
      8. Storytelling
    3. An Internal Critique of the Qur'an
      1. The Qur'an's Makeup
        1. Inimitability
        2. Structural weaknesses
        3. Literary defects
        4. Universality
        5. Interpolation
      2. Talmudic Sources in the Qur'an
        1. The story of Cain and Abel
        2. The story of Abraham
        3. The Story of Solomon and Sheba
      3. Scientific Peculiarities in the Qur'an
      4. A Possible Solution ("Salvation History")
    4. An External Critique of the Qur'an
      1. Hijra
      2. Qibla
      3. The Jews
      4. Mecca
      5. Dome of the Rock
      6. Muhammad
      7. Muslim; and Islami
      8. Qur'an
    5. Can We Use These Non-Muslim Sources?
    6. Conclusion
    7. References Cited


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