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Bangunan Tenaga Air
Disclaimer
Data Dosen (Kartu Nama)
Curriculum Vitae

Indonesia (pdf)
English (pdf)
Singkat

Acara Perkuliahan
SAP/RPKPS

2016 2013

Materi Utama

Topik Kuliah
Jadual Kuliah
Buku Acuan
Siklus Hidrologi (3,5MB mp4, 2MB swf 13MB mov)
Pendahuluan (flip 29MB pdf)
Efisiensi Hidraulika (flip 3MB pdf)
Kolam Tando (flip 13MB pdf)
Kurva Masa Debit - Analisis Frekuensi

Pengukuran Debit (flip 4,5 MB pdf )
Garis Masa Debit (flip 5,2 MB pdf)
Analisis Frekuensi (flip 14,2 MB pdf)
Distribusi Normal

Distribusi Normal (flip pdf)
Kurva Distribusi Normal (URL)

Analisis Frekuensi - VBA
SW AnaFrek1.a (329KB rar)
Chow:
Frequency Analysis (30MB pdf)
USACE: 
Statistical Methods in Hydrology (9MB pdf)

Skema BTA

Skema Umum

TA-7 TA-17 TA-18 TA-21 TA-22 TA-23
BTA:
dengan dam dan pada sungai (URL)
TVA: BTA-Dam
BTA pada sungai (URL)
BTA Mikrohidro

Zimbabwe

Overview
History

Bolivia

Watermotor
Detailed drawing

Nepal

Contoh 01

Laos
JICA: Laos Small-Hydro Visual Guide

1: Demand Forecast (URL)
2:
Hydrology & Site Reconnaissance (URL)
3:
Hydrology & Site Reconnaissance (URL)
4:
Small Hydropower Planning (URL)

Peru
Australia

Tayangan OHP

Pendahuluan (4,0MB)
Efisiensi Hidraulika (1,01MB)
Diameter Ekonomis (0,7MB)
Kolam Tando (3,1MB, TA-7 TA-21 TA-22 )
Diagram Beban Harian (1,0MB)
Garis Masa-Debit (1,47MB)
Garis Masa Debit + (2,1MB)
Rippl Diagram (0,98MB)
Bendungan (1,14MB)
Pipa Pesat (2,56MB)
Angker Blok (1,44MB)
Kolam Pasir (0,7MB)
Kisi Sampah (1,12MB)
Turbin Air (1,70MB, Tambahan)
Informasi ke Pabrik Turbin (200KB asli)
Lengkap (9,24MB)
Gambar BTA (5,7MB pdf)

Bahan Tambahan

Pengaliran Dalam Pipa
Tampang Efisien
Waduk (KTT & KTH)

Storage & Flow Duration Curve (URL)
FAO Water Storage
Mays & Tung: Ch7. Water Surface Systems (2002)

Tambahan Umum

Waduk di DPS Citarum
Turbin air
Hydropower Plants
Hydroelectric power
Hydrologic Studies (URL, 8MB)
Davis-Hydraulics (19MB)
Hydropower-Hydraulics (13MB)
USBR-Reaction Turbines Mono. (48MB)
Environment Friendly Art.
Fish-friendly turbine
GE: Fish Friendly technology (URL)

Penstock

Theory
USBR-Monograph-Steel
Penstocks and Valves
R.M. Sedijatmo:
Een nieuw buffershacht system

Diameter Ekonomis Penstock

Theory
Mosonyi
Indian Standard for Penstock
Optimum Design of Penstock

Panduan merancang pelimpah

Daftar Isi (7MB)
Hidr. Bang. Kontrol (27MB)
Hidr. Sal. Pelimpah (18MB)
Hidr. Pelimpah (25MB)
Susupan Udara (13MB)
Klasifikasi Bendungan (4MB)
Contoh Perancangan (38MB)
Tabel-Nomogram (105MB)
Bendungan di Indonesia (49MB)
USBR: Design of Small Dams

Model pendatar tekan PLTA

Dasar Teori
OHP Transparansi
Wood-Waterhammer Analysis
Wood-Video (URL)
Thesis:
Lih Hsun Eng
Thesis:
Shawn Batterton
Waterhammer with Column Sep.
Wikipedia

Telusuran Waduk

html5 swf flip pdf
Contoh soal

Materi Pendamping

PLTA PLN

PLTA Tes (2,2 MB pdf)
PLTA Tulis (5,2 MB pdf)

USBR Publications

USBR Website
Powerplants
Manuals & Standards
Hydraulic Laboratory Reports
Local Collections

Design of Small Dams (60MB)
Cavitation in Chutes & Spillways (12MB)
Selecting Hydraulic Reaction Turbines (48MB)
Hyd. Design of Stilling Basins (24MB)
Mechanics of The Hydraulic Jump (12MB)
Hydraulic Jump - Kazimierz Woycicki (15MB)
Hydraulic Jump - Jan Smetana (18MB)

Water Power Journals

Pengantar
May 1952

Covers, Contents
Recent Dams in the eastern Alps (7,0 MB pdf)
Hydro-Electric Projects in North Wales (6,7 MB pdf)
Manicouagan River Development (4,8 MB pdf)
Glen Affric Scheme 1 (12,1 MB pdf)
Batching Plant for Whakamaru Dam (7,3 MB pdf)
Illustrations (34,7 MB pdf)

June 1952

Covers, Contents
The Volturno-Garigliano Scheme (8,1 MB pdf)
Testing Hydro-Electric Generating Plant (6,4 MB pdf)
Central Valley Project 1 (9,1 MB pdf)
Stability of Throttled Surge Chambers (3,5 MB pdf)
Glen Affric Scheme 2 (13,1 MB pdf)
Developments on the Guadalquivir (5,1 MB pdf)

June 1960

Covers, Contents
Rhone Valley 1 (12,7 MB pdf)
Tumut I Project 2 (8,2 MB pdf)
Stress Distribution in Gravity Dams (5,3 MB pdf)
Illustrations (6,0 MB pdf)

July 1962

Covers, Contents
A New Approach to Reservoir Control (7,6 MB pdf)
Middle Cuanza Development 1 (9,1 MB pdf)
Specific Energy in Circular Channels (2,4 MB pdf)
Buckling Resistance of Steel Liners (8,9 MB pdf)
Reversed Flow - Kaplan Runner 1 (4,6 MB pdf)
How to Compute Forebay Storage (3,5 MB pdf)

August 1962

Covers, Contents
Middle Cuanza Development 2 (9,5 MB pdf)
Aschach Station (9,9 MB pdf)
Reversed Flow - Kaplan Runner 2 (5,4 MB pdf)
Profile Equation for the Hydraulic Jump (4,1 MB pdf)
Vibration of Penstocks (2,6 MB pdf)
Illustrations (6,7 MB pdf)

October 1962

Covers, Contents
River Caroni Project (12,7 MB pdf)
Comparative Flow-Measurement Tests (5,8 MB pdf)
Hinterrhein Development (10,4 MB pdf)
Critical-Flow Diagram for Trapez. Channels (2,4 MB pdf)
Illustrations (4,4 MB pdf)

December 1963

Covers, Contents
Rheidol Scheme I (14,1 MB pdf)
2 Parameter Method for Spillway Apron (2,3 MB pdf)
Granite 7 (6,6 MB pdf)
Wheel Excavator at Abiquiu Dam (8,8 MB pdf)
Illustrations (5,2 MB pdf)

General Electric

Low head hydropower (URL)
Transform your waterway (URL)
Fish Friendly technology (URL)
Variable Speed Pumped Storage Work? (URL)
Variable Speed Pumped Storage (URL)

FAO Training

Homepage
Water: Water Storage
FAO Training Zip (offsite)

Prinsip Momentum

Kalung Rantai Baja
Video URL: 01 02
Jet air (URL)

Wikipedia Hydropower

Turbines: Kaplan, Francis, Pelton, Turgo
Penstock
Pembuatan terowongan
Pembuatan rumah turbin

Taihe Electric company

Homepage
Cikaso-Francis Horizontal Turbine
Cilaki-Francis Horizontal Turbine

Videos

BTA secara umum lengkap (URL)
Turbin
Types of Powerplant (URL)
Perbandingan Turbin (URL)
Mini Hydro Power Plant (URL)
Turbin Pelton

Animasi-22MB (URL)
Animasi-25MB (URL)
Animasi-41MB (URL)
Numerical Simulation (URL)
Turbin 715KW-66MB (URL)
Gambar-gambar

Turbin Francis

Animasi-27MB (URL)
Animasi-19MB (URL)
Pembuatan-49MB (URL)
Animasi-32MB (URL)
Pintu Wicket-30MB (URL)
Turbin-Pompa-18MB (URL)
Virtual Tour (URL)

Turbin Kaplan

Animasi-12,5MB (URL)
Animasi-11,5MB (URL)
Animasi-7,6MB (URL)
Turbin Kaplan Terbesar di Dunia (URL)

Generator

Generator Pembangkit (URL)
Voith:
hydropower generator (URL)

India:
Alaknanda ROR Hydro Power (URL)
Itaipu Dam (Brazil-Paraguay)

Wikipedia
NGM: Building of the Dam (URL)
Itaipu Binacional

Hover Dam

USBR
Wikipedia
Pembangunan Dam Hoover (URL)
Didalam Dam Hover (URL)
Perancangan Awal (35 MB pdf)

RRC-Three Gorges Dam

Wikipedia
RRC-Three Gorges Dam (URL)

Site C British Columbia Canada

Wikipedia
Company Website
Construction Site Tour
The Impossible Build Site

Kariba Dam Zimbabwe

Wikipedia
ICE: Construction of Kariba (URL)
ZPC: Water level (URL)
EPFL Modeling (URL)
Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (URL)
Plunge Pool Rehabilitation

Reshaping plunge pool (URL)
Cofferdam construction (URL)

Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

Wikipedia
Perencanaan
Kontroversi:
01 02 03
Tata Letak Dam

Pump-Storage System

How it works

Practical Engineering (URL)
saVRee 3D (URL)

www.energy.gov
Wikipedia
Ludington Michigan

Video
NASA Earth Observatory
Wikipedia

Video YouTube

Gordon Butte (URL)
Switzerland

The Alpine Battery (URL)
Limmern (URL)
9 yrs construction (URL)
Wikipedia
KWO Grimselstrom

Overview
Web site
Web Cams
General Scheme
The Race to Replace a Cracked Dam
Project Replacement of the Spitallamm dam E

SBB Ritom Power Plant

Ritom Pumped-Storage Plant Project
Website
Wikipedia

Australia

Future (URL)
Snowy 2.0 (URL)

South Africa

Eskom Ingula Scheme (URL)
Whessoe Ingula Scheme (URL)
Wikipedia

Statkraft (URL)
ABB-Alpine Battery (URL)
General Electric

Var. Speed Pumped Storage Work? (URL)
Var. Speed Pumped Storage (URL)

Amfilochia (URL)

Causes-Effects of Water Hammer (URL)
Crowley-Water Hammer (URL)
Colorado Microhydro (offsite)

01 02 03A 03B 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 13A 14 15 16

Ocean Energy

Tidal Power 101 (URL)
Tidal Current Turbine (URL)
Wave Power Station (URL)
Piston-Pump-Racks (URL)
Ocean Power Plant (URL)
CorPower Wave Booster (URL)

Waterotor

Machinery & Technology (URL)

Microhydro

Installing Screen Box (URL)
Intake Barrel for Silt Catchment (URL)
Installing Penstock (URL)
Pressure Test & New Couplings (URL)
Turbine Housing (URL)
Installing the Turbine:
01 02 (URL1 URL2)
Run the Wire to the House (URL)
Install Electronics (URL)
Power Up the Turbine (URL)
Full System Overview (URL)

Spillway in Action (URL)

Bahan Kuliah

Overview
Waterwheel
Hydrobasics
Introduction

Top
General
History
Advantages
Water to Watts
Different sizes
Small hydropower
Energy uses

Civil Works

Top
Components
Civil works
Weir and intake
Channels
Settling basin
Spillways
Forebay tank
Penstock

Turbines
Drive systems
Electricity
Head

Top
Dumpy levels
Sighting meters
Pressure gauge
Water filled tube
Spirit level and plank
Maps
Altimeters

Flow

Top
Measuring weirs
Stage-discharge method
'Salt gulp' method
Bucket method
Float method
Current meters

Ukur Debit

Pengukuran Debit (flip 4,5 MB pdf )
World Metereological Organization

Manual on Stream Gauging:
Vol. I: Fieldwork (URL)
Vol. II: Computation of discharge (URL)

Univ of Florida
USBR
USGS

Streamflow Measurement
Volume 1 & Volume 2

Radar

RQ-30 Discharge Radar (URL)
RP-30 Current Meter (URL)

Fluvial River
Pengukuran sungai (URL)

Mikrohidro

Artikel pdf

Layman Guide
Small Hydropower Systems
Best Practice
Economic Risk
Financing
Tea plantation
Risk analysis
Nepal case
Srilanka microhydro

Situs

www.microhydropower.net (offsite)
www.powerpal.com (offsite)
www.waterturbine.com (offsite)
www.panasia.org.sg

Waterpower 13 Presentation
Turbine yang pertama

Konsep turbin Heron

Pemodelan Water Hammer

Dasar Teori
OHP Transparansi

PLTA Sayano-Shushenskaya (01 02)
Dua PLTA di Spanyol

Acuan Klasik

1869: Bresse Hydraulic Motors (13,9 MB pdf)
1887:
Venturi Meter (7,1 MB pdf)
1891:
Efficiency Test of Mc Cormick Turbine (11,5 MB pdf)
1906:
Turbine Water-wheel Tests (3,8 MB pdf)
1908:
Water Power Engineering (49,9 MB pdf)
1909:
Characteristics of Modern Hydraulic Turbines (9,0 MB pdf)
1961:
Hydroturbines Design and Construction (494 MB pdf)
1911:
Hydraulic Turbines: Their Design & Install. (34,0 MB pdf)
1915:
Unique Hydraulic Power Plant (6,9 MB pdf)
1921:
Moody Ejector Turbine (1,7 MB pdf)
1922:
New Development in Hydro. Power-Plant Design (1,5 MB pdf)
1940:
Hydraulic Turbines Handbook (23,9 MB pdf)
1949:
Banki Water Turbine (2,4 MB pdf)
1953:
Ejection into Tailraces of Hydropower Plants (16,8 MB pdf)
1976:
Design of Small Water Turbines (11,0 MB pdf)
Theory of Turbines (5,2 MB pdf)
Pelton Water Wheels-Pelton System Power (19,3 MB pdf)
Pelton Water Wheels and Governors (8,4 MB pdf)
Pelton Design (10,0 MB pdf)
1932:
Hydraulic Turbine Patent (1 MB pdf)
1923:
Impulse Turbine (9,2 MB pdf)
1913:
Smith Turbines (9,3 MB pdf)
1938:
Smith Impulse Turbines (13,1 MB pdf)
Smith Kaplan Turbines (4,6 MB pdf)
McCormick Turbines (2,4 MB pdf)
Trump Turbines (6,6 MB pdf)
1990:
Natick Dam Hydroelectric Project (4,8 MB pdf)
1961:
Tidal Energy for Hydroelectric Power Plants (27,9 MB pdf)
1970:
History of Water Hammer (15,0 MB pdf)
1970:
Water Hammer & Surge Tanks (173 MB pdf)
1920:
Pressure in Penstocks (14,2 MB pdf)
1925:
Theory of Water-Hammer (45,9 MB pdf)
Water Hammer (10,2 MB pdf)
1904:
Water Hammer (1,7 MB pdf)
1911:
Tesis-Water Hammer in Pipes & Rel. Pheno. (10,8 MB pdf)
1968:
Archimedian Screw Pump Handbook (186 MB pdf)
1986:
Vortices at Intakes (6,0 MB pdf)
Accelerated Cavitation Research (3,8 MB pdf)
1958:
Acc. Field Tests of Cavitation Intensity (5,4 MB pdf)
1941:
Analytical-Experimental Study of Hyd. Ram (10,7 MB pdf)
1900:
Hydraulic Rams their Principals & Constr. (62,6 MB pdf)
1897:
Tests of A Rife Hydraulic Ram (18,5 MB pdf)

Poster

Water Hammer

Tugas

Latihan
Sedang dalam proses
UC Berkeley:
Pragnjono Mardjikoen (F.L. Hotes)

Arsip Ujian

S1 Reguler

2021: UTS-JawabDK JawabKW-Nilai
2020A:
UTS-J1 J2-Nilai
2020:
UTS-J1 J2-Nilai
2019A:
UTS-J1 J2 J2a-Nilai
2019:
UTS-Jawab-Nilai
2018A:
UTS-Jawab-Nilai
2018:
UTS-Jawab-Nilai
2017:
UTS-Jawab-Nilai
2016:
UTS-J1 J2-Nilai
2015:
UTS-J1 J2-Nilai
2014:
UTS-Jawab-Nilai
2013:
UTS-J1 J2-Nilai
2013:
UTS-J1 J2 J3-Nilai
2012:
Tambahan-Jawaban
2012:
UTS-Jawaban
2011:
UTS-Jawaban
1998: UAS-Jawaban
1998: UTS-Jawaban
1997: Soal-Jawaban
1996:
UAS-Jawaban
1996:
UTS-Jawaban
1995:
UAS-Jawaban
1995:
UTS-Jawaban
1994:
UAS-Jawaban
1994:
UTS-Jawaban
1993:
UAS-Jawaban
1993:
UTS-Jawaban
1992:
Tambahan-Jawaban
1992:
UAS-Jawaban
1992:
UTS-Jawaban

S2 Reguler

2006: UTS-Jawaban
2005:
UTS-J1 J2 J34-Nilai
2003:
UTS-Jawaban

MST Mikrohidro

2011: UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2010:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2009a:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2009:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2008:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2008:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2007:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2006:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2005:
UAS-Jawaban-Nilai
2003:
UTS-Jawaban-Nilai
2002:
Tambahan-Jawaban
2002:
UTS-Jawaban
2001: UTS-Jawaban

Universitit Negeri Gadjah Mada 1953

Udjian Tenaga Air - Sedijatmo (html)
Udjian Agrogeologi (html)

Soal-Jawab

Tampang Efisien
Kolam Tando dan GMD

KTT-KTH: 01 02 03 04
KTH:
05 06
GMD & Produksi:
01 02 03
Suplesi:
04
Gabungan:
05

KMTS 1979
Kumpulan Soal KMTS

Acuan Online

Martinson: Water for Developing Countries
Water-Energy Education
EERE: Hydropower Energy
USBR Hydropower Program
National Hydropower Association
Ontario Power Generation
Discharge Measurement
Canada:
Energy Softwares
Energypedia:
01 02
Wikipedia:
Water Wheel
Hydropower of New York
British Hydro: Water Wheel
Waterhammer Calculator
How Stuff Works
Waterpower Engineering
French River Land

1869: Bresse Hydraulic Motors (13,9 MB pdf)
1909:
Characteristics of Modern Hydraulic Turbines (9,0 MB pdf)
1911:
Hydraulic Turbines: Their Design & Install. (34,0 MB pdf)
1915:
Unique Hydraulic Power Plant (6,9 MB pdf)
1921:
Moody Ejector Turbine (1,7 MB pdf)
1922:
New Development in Hydro. Power-Plant Design (1,5 MB pdf)
1940:
Hydraulic Turbines Handbook (23,9 MB pdf)
1949:
Banki Water Turbine (2,4 MB pdf)
1953:
Ejection into Tailraces of Hydropower Plants (16,8 MB pdf)
1976:
Design of Small Water Turbines (11,0 MB pdf)
Theory of Turbines (5,2 MB pdf)
Pelton Water Wheels-Pelton System Power (19,3 MB pdf)
Pelton Water Wheels and Governors (8,4 MB pdf)
Pelton Design (10,0 MB pdf)
1923:
Impulse Turbine (9,2 MB pdf)
1913:
Smith Turbines (9,3 MB pdf)
1938:
Smith Impulse Turbines (13,1 MB pdf)
Smith Kaplan Turbines (4,6 MB pdf)
McCormick Turbines (2,4 MB pdf)
Trump Turbines (6,6 MB pdf)
1990:
Natick Dam Hydroelectric Project (4,8 MB pdf)
1961:
Tidal Energy for Hydroelectric Power Plants (27,9 MB pdf)
1970:
Water Hammer & Surge Tanks (173 MB pdf)
1920:
Pressure in Penstocks (14,2 MB pdf)
1925:
Theory of Water-Hammer (45,9 MB pdf)
Water Hammer (10,2 MB pdf)
1968:
Archimedian Screw Pump Handbook (186 MB pdf)
1986:
Vortices at Intakes (6,0 MB pdf)
Accelerated Cavitation Research (3,8 MB pdf)
1900:
Hydraulic Rams their Principals & Constr. (62,6 MB pdf)
1897:
Tests of A Rife Hydraulic Ram (18,5 MB pdf)

Microhydro Sites

www.microhydropower.net
www.waterturbine.com
howto.altenergystore.com
Wikipedia:
Pico hydro

Tunneling

Hydropower Tunelling
Tunnel Design

Acuan Offline

Disclaimer
Martinson: Water for Developing Countries

Basics

Inroduction and hydrology (2MB)
Reservoirs (5MB)
Conveyance (2.5MB)

Hydro power

Fundamentals (1.6MB)
System design:
01: 3.1MB 02: 4.4MB 03: 3.7MB

Irrigation

Fundamentals (2.2MB)
Techniques:
01 (7MB), 02 (2.3MB)

hydropower.inel.gov
www.usbr.gov
US ACE

www.nwp.usace.army.mil
Corps Projects
Hydropower History
Power Production
Rehabilitation
Turbine/Governor
Generator/Exciter
Power Transformer
Portland District

Tennessee Valley Authority

Home page
Hydroelectric
How it works
Apalachia: Design 1941 Wikipedia
Blue Ridge: Wikipedia
Boone: Wikipedia
Chatuge: Wikipedia
Cherokee: Design 1940 Wikipedia
Chickamauga: Design 1935 Wikipedia

Hoover Dam

How it works

Statistics
River basin map
Hydroelectric Generators
Jetflow Gate Testing

History

The Highscalers
Cofferdams
Tunnels
Concrete
The Grand Dam
Fortune Magazine

Uncle Joe

Uncle Joe home
Power Calculation
Generators
Flow Measurement
Pipe Dimensions
Governors
Turbine types
Banki turbine
Crossflow turbine
Waterhammer
Waterwheels
Links

www.history.tampere.fi
www.ahydro.com
www.waterturbine.com
newmillshydro.freeserve
James Leffel Co
Waterwheel Factory
www.brit-hydro.cwc.net
WCD Report

Complete Report

Report (7,159k)
Annexes (990k)

Intro (823k)
Exec Summary (142k)
Development (1,358k)
Performance (603k)
Ecosystem (571k)
Social (914k)
Resources (621k)
Decision (419k)
Enhancing (417k)
Strategy (687k)
Guidelines (507k)
Changes (150k)
Comments (86k)
Bibliography (124k)
Glossary (125k)
Programme (128k)
Knowledge (131k)
Statistics (196k)
Declaration (153k)
Members (118k)
Secretariat (60k)
Indices (80k)
Photos (3,507k)

Studi Kasus

Oroville Main Spillway Failure

Wikipedia
Skema Dam Oroville
Construction of the Dam
Main Spillway Failure
Sacramento Bee:
Article Video (URL)
Piping Problem?:
Mercury News UCB Bea

Taum Sauk Turbine-Pump

Wikipedia
AEG Presentation (URL)
Failure Paper (URL)
Case Study (URL)

Colorado

LSEES (URL)
PPHESS (URL)

CA: St. Francis Dam-1928

Wikipedia
Future Impact (URL)
Simulation

CA: Baldwin Hills-1963

Wikipedia
Report (URL)
TV Live (URL)
Movie (URL)

Teton Dam

USBR
Wikipedia

PLTA Sayano Shushenskaya (01 02)
Lydia Mill Case Study (pdf offsite)

Artikel pdf

Nepal Design Guideline (4,5MB)
India Manual for Small Hydro (6,6MB)
Hydroelectric power (3,7MB)
Hydrologic Studies (URL, 8MB)
Davis-Hydraulics (19MB)
Hydropower-Hydraulics (13MB)
USBR-Reaction Turbines Monograph No. 20 (48MB)
Environment Friendly Art.
Fish-friendly turbine (2,5MB)
Environmentally Advanced Hydropower Turbine Design (61MB)
Grand Coulee: Hydraulic Model Study (11MB)


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